It is a shorter distance than you might guess, vhf is essentially line of sight. There are formulas that compute the range based on the height of the base of your antenna. I do not have them handy, but check a google search.
USCG and others use antennas on towers to get the range. The radio power in watts has little to do with vhf range.
For times when I am 40+ miles offshore I have my vhf antenna mounted high, but I also carry an epirb.
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