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|  RE: Looking for a copy of ABCY Code TY-28
7/98
TY-28 BOAT LIFTING AND STORAGE
Table of Contents
BACKGROUND........................................ .................................................. .................................................. ..............1
INTENT............................................ .................................................. .................................................. ........................1
REFERENCED ORGANIZATIONS..................................... .................................................. ....................................1
DEFINITIONS .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .......1
LIFTING, HAULING AND LAUNCHING - GENERAL........................................... ...............................................1
BOAT BUILDER'S RESPONSIBILITIES.................................. .................................................. ..............................2
STRADDLE LIFTS............................................. .................................................. .................................................. .....2
FORKLIFTS......................................... .................................................. .................................................. ....................3
STORAGE ASHORE............................................ .................................................. .................................................. ..3
BLOCKING .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ...........3
STANDS .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ................3
CRADLES........................................... .................................................. .................................................. .....................4
SAFETY LABELS............................................ .................................................. .................................................. .......4
TY-28
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TY-28 BOAT LIFTING AND STORAGE
BACKGROUND
This technical information report suggests guidelines for the hauling, launching, handling, and storage of boats on land to reduce
the risk to personnel and damage to the boat or equipment. This report is limited in that it cannot cover all conceivable variables.
The reader is cautioned not to depend solely on it to prevent hauling and storage accidents. There are OSHA requirements for
lifting equipment contained in 29 CFR, parts 1919 - 1925.
INTENT
This technical information report covers the use of straddle lifts and forklifts for hauling boats, and cradling guides with respect
to the loads placed on the hull. It also addresses the boat manufacturer's responsibility to provide certain information on
handling and storage of boats out of the water.
REFERENCED ORGANIZATIONS
ABYC - American Boat & Yacht Council, 3069 Solomons Island Road, Edgewater, MD 21037 410-956-050
29 CFR, parts 1919 - 1925 - Obtain the Code of Federal Regulations and other government publications from the
Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Information, POB 371 954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
202-512-1800 or fax 202 512 2250.
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association - One Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC
20004
DEFINITIONS
Cribbing - Stacked blocking arranged with each layer approximately perpendicular to the adjacent layer(s).
Concrete block - Hollow masonry block.
LIFTING, HAULING AND LAUNCHING - GENERAL
Each boat hauling/launching facility should develop a procedure or checklist appropriate to the scope of its operation. Before
operating lift equipment
a. check and determine applicability of federal, state, or local requirements;
b. follow the lift manufacturer's requirements and recommendations;
c. check the boat manufacturer's owner's manual, if available, for lifting and blocking instructions, limitations, or restrictions.
If personnel is to be on or under a boat in a lift, the load should not be supported solely by the lift equipment. The boat should be
supported by blocking or some other means to provide protection to personnel in the event of a failure in the lift system.
Lift the boat considering its strong and weak points. See this report’s section titled, BOAT BUILDER'S RESPONSIBILITIES.
Lifting, pre-haul, and/or launch inspection should include, but not be limited to, the following:
a. Have access to boat interior;
b. Ensure that all hull penetrations are closed or secure.
c. Check boat for bilge water before lifting. Excessive quantities of bilge water can shift, changing the balance of the load;
d. Check for thru-hull appendages such as knotmeters and stabilizers, rub, spray, and splash rails, so that they are not damaged
by lifting equipment;
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e. Check the hull structure to locate shafts, rudders, struts, and the forward and aft ends of any keels;
f. Check the hull's structural configuration, including the location of bulkheads, stringers, engines, and tanks.
g. Check bilges for water ingress following launch.
Transport boat as close to the ground as practicable, and balance the loads on the lifting equipment considering the following;
a. total lifting equipment capacity,
b. sling capacity,
c. terrain,
d. boat’s center of gravity,
e. hull shape.
BOAT BUILDER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Boat builders should provide information detailing the lifting points, blocking diagrams, storage considerations appropriate to
their boats, indicating which hauling equipment, blocking, and storage methods are appropriate, and which are not. For example,
if the keel of a boat cannot take the full weight, or there are limits or restrictions about where blocking supports can be located,
the boat builder should provide this information.
Boat builders should mark boat lifting points with a label or the international mark as illustrated in FIGURE 1. Boats may be
lifted by several methods. Lifting points should be determined in consideration of hull structure that can support the loads, and
running gear or appendages below the waterline that cannot sustain the weight imposed during lifting. Chines, rails, deck edges,
and other projections that cannot sustain the loads imposed at lifting points should be identified.
Builders of boats that can be lifted by forks should consider constructing the boat to withstand the stresses involved when the
boat is lifted according to the boat manufacturer's recommendations and hull markings. Builders should consider providing a
diagram in the boat owner’s manual showing profile and transom views illustrating fork placement, minimum fork length, and
structural support locations, and providing markings on the exterior of the boat to indicate the proper spacing of the forks;
STRADDLE LIFTS
Straddle lift operation is a highly technical area that requires trained and experienced operators. Operator licensing may be
required. With a load in the straddle lift, the lift operator is likely to be operating with reduced visibility. Additional personnel
may be necessary when operating this equipment with a load. Under certain conditions, in addition to the lift operator, additional
personnel may be helpful to watch the load and to guide the equipment operator. Before operating lifting equipment, check for
overhead wires. The lift operator must keep well clear of overhead wires in the field of operation. See NFPA 303, Marinas and
Boatyards, for information on marina service wiring.
Sling Placement
When positioning straddle lift slings give consideration to the limitations and condition of the lift equipment. Lift point
markings on the boat or builder's lifting plan should be confirmed for reliability. Lacking a boat builder's plan, review this
report’s section titled, LIFTING, HAULING AND LAUNCHING, for other considerations.
When appropriate, the forward and aft slings should be tied together so that they cannot move apart. A permanent warning label
should be placed on the lifting equipment in a location that is readily visible to the lift operator, to alert the operator to secure
slings, when appropriate, to prevent them from slipping. See this report’s section titled, SAFETY LABELS, for labeling
information.
Maintenance
Slings - Inspect slings at each use. Slings can be damaged by marine growth, cutting, snagging, wear, pinching or crushing,
overloading, heat, chemicals, environmental exposures, and abrasion. Protect the slings from chafe where they are in contact
with the keel, at the chines, or other abrupt angles or corners. Slings are provided with red tracer threads spaced at 1” intervals.
When one or more of these tracers become visible, the sling should be replaced. Replace slings that do not meet the lift and sling
manufacturer’s specifications.
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Lifting Equipment - Inspect cables and log the cable inspection. Replace cables that fail to meet the lift manufacturer's
specifications. Refer to the lift equipment manufacturer’s operation and maintenance manual for information about inspection of
cables for reduction in diameter, kinking, crushing or distortion, evidence of heat damage, broken wires. Inspect and maintain
the straddle lift tires as recommended by the straddle lift manufacturer. Maintain the recommended pressures and log the
inspection. Replace tires with only tires that conform to the lift manufacturer's recommendations.
FORKLIFTS
For safe operation of forklift equipment, both a driver and an observer are suggested
a. at the location where the boat is picked up,
b. at the storage cradle,
c. at any location where the forklift operator must turn,
d. at any location where the forklift operator must pass under obstructions such as wires, mezzanines, etc., and
e. on rough terrain.
STORAGE ASHORE
Whatever the method of storing a boat, the boat should be level athwartships, and trimmed fore and aft so that the cockpit and
deck will drain without leaving standing water. When alternating current (AC) electric service is provided to boats in dry
storage, the receptacle providing the power should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). See NFPA 303,
Marinas and Boatyards. When a boat is in storage on land, sails, canvas, biminis, etc., as well as dinghies, windsurfers, and other
miscellaneous gear should be secured.
BLOCKING
Boat keels should be blocked as close to the ground as practical. Keel blocking should be used to support the weight of the boat,
unless otherwise specified by the boat manufacturer. Keel blocking should be distributed to prevent high local loading. The
blocking should be adequate to support the boat, taking the condition and slope of the ground, and the size, shape, weight, and
condition of the boat into account. Use a minimum of two sets of keel blocking per boat. The blocking should be as large as
practicable and appropriately sized for the boat. The minimum dimension measured fore and aft along the keel should be four
inches nominal per block. If the blocking is over two tiers high, it should be cribbed. Cribbing height should not exceed 1 1/2
times the minimum base footprint dimension. Barrels and cinder blocks should not be used for blocking. See TABLE 1 for
minimum block dimensions. 12 inch X 12 inch (30.5cm X 30.5cm) blocks are usable in all cases.
TABLE 1 - MINIMUM BLOCK DIMENSIONS
BOAT LENGTH MINIMUM BLOCK WIDTH MINIMUM BLOCK LENGTH
less than 30 feet (9m) 4 inches (10.5cm) 18 inches (46cm)
31-40 feet (9.45-12m) 6 inches (15.5cm) 18 inches (46cm)
41 feet (12.5m) or over 8 inches (20.5cm) 18 inches (46cm)
STANDS
Stands should be installed and adjusted by qualified, experienced, and authorized persons. Do not use any boat stand that is
damaged or structurally deteriorated. Maintain equipment as required by the manufacturer. Keep moving parts lubricated.
Stand Placement
As a general guideline, there should be no less than two pairs of stands, e.g., 4 stands, placed under boats. Conditions such as
hull configuration and structure, windage, weather and ground conditions, or other exposures, may require more stands to be
used. Boats stored with masts stepped are more at risk, and additional support may be required. Additional support may also be
needed depending on the condition of the boat.
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Sailboat stands should be spaced no more than 10 feet (3.048m) apart on centers, with the forward-most and after-most pairs of stands no more than 10 feet (3.048m) from the ends of the waterline. Powerboat stands should be set with the aft pair placed as close to the aft end of the waterline as structure permits, and spaced no more than 20 feet (6.096m) apart on centers.
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The stands should balance the boat to keep it level athwartships. The boat’s weight should be borne by the blocking. Do not use the stands to support the weight of the boat unless the stand is designed for this purpose. Some boats require that the weight of the boat be supported on the chine. Use supports designed for this load.
Apply boat stands as far outboard as practical, and with the adjusting screw as close to perpendicular to the hull as practical.
Sometimes it is necessary to tip the stand to make it perpendicular to the hull. Do not block more than two legs of a stand. On
vessels with extreme overhang, forward or aft, a stand(s) should be placed under the overhang perpendicular to the centerline.
Do not place blocks on top of boat stands to increase their reach. Stands should not be used as jacks to raise or lower the boat. Apply boat stand(s) so that, after the blocking operation is complete, the stand screw can still be adjusted up and down.
Secure each pair of stands across the boat to prevent lateral movement. Stands that are not designed to be chained together
should be installed so that the outboard edge of the pad is against a chine or spray strake to lock the pad in position and prevent it
from sliding outboard. The material used to tie the stands together should be at least 3/16 inch chain. Rope or wire is not
recommended as it can stretch and allow the stands to slip. Do not allow anything to be tied to the stands except the chains that
hold pairs of stands together. Accidents have occurred when covers tied to boat stands have pulled the stands from under the
boat.
Check stands routinely during storage season. After a period of storage, a hull may begin to flex in the way of the stand pad. If
this occurs add a stand, or move stands, to bear directly under a bulkhead, stringer, or other structural member that can sustain
and distribute the load. If it is necessary to move an installed boat stand, position another stand next to the stand to be moved,
and chain the new stand securely in position before moving the first stand.
Additional attention to stands may be required during freeze/thaw cycles, before, during, and after storms, and on soft ground.
On soft ground, extra, rigid pads, such as plywood, may be required under the stand(s) to prevent them from sinking into the
ground.
CRADLES
Cradles should be designed to meet the requirements of the boat builder’s blocking diagram, and adequately support the weight
of the boat. There should be diagonal braces to keep the cradle posts in position. A cradle should be blocked to prevent it from
wracking or distorting. Cradle pads should not be used as jacks to raise or lower the boat. Do not use any cradle that is
damaged, rotten, or badly rusted. Maintain equipment as required. Keep moving parts lubricated.
The cradle should be checked routinely during the storage season to adjust for settling or shifting of the weight. On soft ground,
and ground that is prone to frost heaving, extra layers, such as plywood, may be required under the cradle blocking to prevent it
from sinking into the ground.
SAFETY LABELS
Labels, when considered appropriate, should comply with ABYC T-5, Safety Signs and Labels, and should contain at least the
following informational elements:
a. The hazard intensity signal word;
b. Nature of the hazard;
c. Consequences that can result if the instructions to avoid the hazard are not followed, and
d. instructions on how to avoid the hazard.
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An example of the safety label referred to in this report’s section titled, STRADDLE LIFTS, Sling Placement, follows:
Warning
Lift slings may slip on the hull.
Avoid serious injury or death fom dropped load.
When appropriate, tie slings together before lifting.
FIGURE 1
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __
Origin and Development of ABYC TY-28, Boat Lifting and Storage
This is the first edition of TY-28. The ABYC boat service project technical committee produced its first draft of this project in
1991, and has worked through the years to resolve issues within the scope of the report. In assigning the project to the
committee, the ABYC technical board intended that the report would cover the most common types of lifting equipment and
storage methods. Since most modern marina and boat yard operations utilize straddle lifts and fork lift equipment, and boat
stands are the most prevalent supports for boats in on land storage, TY-28 is currently limited to the equipment and methodology
of those practices.
* * * * *
ABYC technical board rules provide that all reports, including standards and recommended practices and technical information
reports, are advisory only. Their use is entirely voluntary. They are believed to represent, as of the date of publication, the
consensus of knowledgeable persons, currently active in the field of small craft, on performance objectives that contribute to
small boat safety.
The American Boat & Yacht Council assumes no responsibility whatsoever for the use of, or failure to use, standards and
recommended practices or technical information reports promulgated by it, their adaptation to any processes of a user, or any
consequences flowing therefrom.
Prospective users of the standards and recommended practices and technical information reports are responsible for protecting
themselves against liability for infringement of patents.
The American Boat & Yacht Council standards and recommended practices are guides to achieving a specific level of design or
performance, and are not intended to preclude attainment of desired results by other means. |
